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. 2023 Mar 15;10:1151359. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1151359

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Inactivation of PKM2 is associated with aberrant glycolysis and renal fibrosis in HFD-STZ-induced DN mice. (A) Representative photomicrographs showed IHC staining of renal fibrosis markers, including collagen 1, fibronectin, and α-SMA, in kidney tissues in the control (n = 5) and HFD-STZ-induced DN mice (n = 5). Rabbit IgG was used as a negative control. Bars = 50 μm. (B) Quantification of the collagen 1-, α-SMA-or fibronectin-positive area is shown. (C) A representative Western blot image of HIF-1α, HXK2, E-cadherin, vimentin, collagen 1, fibronectin, or α-SMA in the control (n = 4) and HFD-STZ-induced DN mice (n = 5). (D) Quantification of (C). (E) The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the kidney tissues of control (n = 5) and HFD-STZ-induced DN mice (n = 5) was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The values are presented as the mean ± SD. Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine statistical significance, and two-tailed p values are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005 compared with the control group.