ACR	Albumin-to-creatinine ratio
Acr-PCs	Acrolein-protein conjugates
ACN	Acetonitrile
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
CKD	Chronic kidney diseases
DN	Diabetic nephropathy
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Hyl	hydralazine
Car	Carnosine
HFD	High-fat diet
IHC	Immunohistochemical
IEF	Isoelectric focusing
LC–MS/MS	liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
NAC	N-acetylcysteine
PTMs	Posttranslational modifications
PKM2	Pyruvate kinase M2
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RT-PCR	Real-time polymerase chain reaction
STZ	Streptozotocin
TEPP	Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
2D-SDS-PAGE	Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(TGF)-β	Transforming growth factor-β
TNFα	Tumor necrosis factor α
UA	Uric acid