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. 2023 Mar 15;14:1130308. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130308

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Copyright © 2023 Zhuang, Cao, Liu, Wang, Lin, Duan, Lee, Chiu, Yeung and Yao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Formation of trophoblast organoids through the reprogramming of JEG-3 cells. (A) Images of the different cultured statuses of JEG-3 cells. Left, two-dimensional culture; middle and right, three-dimensional culture in the middle and right. (B) Images of hematoxylin staining of the cross-section of JEG-3-ORGs. The red arrow indicates the intercellular vacuoles. (C) Immunofluorescence staining images of GATA3, TFAP2A, and TFAP2C in JEG-3-ORGs. (D) The generation of syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast from JEG-3-ORGs. (E) Immunofluorescence staining images of beta-hCG and HLA-G at the ST and EVT differentiation stages of JEG-3-ORGs, respectively.