Table 1.

Terms Describing Gradual Changes in Discriminative Stimuli

Subcategory	Example	Description
Transfer from one discrete stimulus to another
Stimulus shape transformation	Johnson (1973), as discussed in Cooper et al. (2019, p. 407)	The initial stimulus gradually turns into another stimulus by changing its shape.
Fading	Terrace (1963)	Discriminative stimuli are introduced and/or removed by gradually changing in intensity (e.g., brightness of a light).
Stimulus shaping	McIlvane and Dube (1992)	A gradual change in discriminative stimuli results in a new stimulus–response relation.
Prompt fading	Gorgan and Kodak (2019)	Gradually removing a controlling prompt to transfer control to a natural SD.
Stimulus fading	Pace et al. (1986), Experiment 1	Gradually decreasing the size of an arm restraint, eventually replacing it with a smaller item (wristband)
Progressive time delay	Dogoe and Banda (2009)	The time between the presentation of the natural SD and the prompt gradually increases.
Graduated guidance	MacDuff et al. (1993)	Gradually increasing the distance between the therapists’ hands and the participant.
Transfer to general conditions
Stimulus fading	Pace et al. (1986), Experiment 2	Gradually decreasing the pressure of an inflated arm restraint until the restraint is removed.
Prompt fading	Bourret et al. (2004)	Removing a verbal prompt by gradually shortening it (e.g., “Nick,” then “Ni,” then no prompt).
Most-to-least prompts	Libby et al. (2008)	Removing a prompt by decreasing the amount of physical intervention (e.g., hand over hand to no prompt).
Graduated guidance	Lennox et al. (1987)	Gradually increasing the distance between the therapists’ hands and the participant.