Figure 1.

(A) Normal cells contain an anti-viral response system blocking the replication of the oncolytic virus, leaving them unharmed. Oncolysis occurs in two ways, (B) when the viral load in the tumor cell increases there is direct cell lysis. (C) In an indirect way, due to high infection in the tumor cells, DAMPs (damage-associated molecular pattern) and PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) are released due to which the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) recruit the host immune cells to attack the cancer cell leading to cell death/apoptosis.