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. 2023 Mar 15;11:1113627. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1113627

Table 2.

Outcomes of hypothermia and normothermia.

Neonate (n = 501) Infant (n = 590)
Hypothermia (n = 415) Normothermia (n = 86) p-Value Hypothermia (n = 226) Normothermia (n = 364) p-Value
Postoperative extubation time in PACU (min) 31.3 ± 27.8 14.5 ± 6.11 0.366 18.3 ± 16.2 14.0 ± 9.9 .017
Length of PACU stay (min) 59.3 ± 4.6 41.3 ± 12.6 0.067 56.7 ± 24.1 48.0 ± 15.6 .003
Postoperative ICU admit, n (%) 412 (99.28%) 82 (95.35%) 0.020 178 (78.76%) 189 (51.92%) <.001
Time of mechanical ventilation (h) 7 (5–12) 5 (4–8) <0.001 3 (2–4) 2.5 (2–3) <.001
Length of ICU stay (days) 2 (1–9) 1 (1–3) <0.001 1 (1–2) 1 (1–1) <.001
Length of postoperative hospital stay (days) 14 (8–24) 11 (7–17) 0.003 7 (5–15) 5 (2.25–8) <.001
Surgical site infection (SSI) 12 (2.89%) 1 (1.16%) 0.707 6 (2.65%) 1 (0.27%) .014
Postoperative pneumonia, n (%) 8 (1.93%) 2 (2.33%) 0.810 7 (3.10%) 11 (3.02%) .959
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), n (%) 5 (1.20%) 0 (0%) 0.594 4 (1.77%) 5 (1.37%) .703
Postoperative bleeding, n (%) 71 (17.11%) 7 (8.13%) 0.037 13 (5.80%) 4 (1.11%) .002
Transfusion in ICU, n (%) 109 (26.27%) 11 (12.80%) 0.008 59 (26.11%) 22 (6.04%) <.001
Mortality within postoperative 30 days, n (%) 15 (3.61%) 1 (1.12%) 0.329 4 (1.77%) 2 (0.55%) .310

PACU, postanesthesia care unit; ICU, intensive care unit; SSI, surgical site infection; DVT, deep venous thrombosis.