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Effects of dietary CGA supplementation on mRNA levels of TNF-α in the broiler intestine after LPS injection (n = 6). Relative expression of the gene for TNF-α in the duodenum (A), jejunum (B), and ileum (C) after LPS injection. TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α. The gene for GAPDH was used as a reference for normalization. Blue, saline; red, LPS; green, CGA; violet, LPS + CGA. Bars without the same letter differed significantly (P < 0.05).
