Table 3.

ABMs for restriction of movement in individual pens in dairy farms

ABM	Comments
Slipping	Definition: Loss of balance in which the calf loses foothold, or one or more hooves slide on the floor surface. No other body parts except hooves and/or legs are in contact with the floor surface (Welfare Quality®, 2009) Sensitivity: High for impairment of movement that results from slippery floors, but low for restriction of movement caused by low space allowances Specificity: High
Falling	Definition: Loss of balance in which parts of the body other than the feet and legs get in contact with floor surface (Welfare Quality®, 2009) Sensitivity: High for impairment of movement that results from slippery floors, but low for restriction of movement due to low space allowance. The sensitivity is considered high in this case because although not all calves experiencing restriction of movement will show falling, the fact that some do indicates a restriction of movement problem in the herd due to slippery floors Specificity: High
Galloping in unrestricted conditions	Definition: A rebound of galloping is seen when released in large area after 3 days of confinement in individual pen (Jensen, 2001) Sensitivity: High Specificity: Low. Galloping in unrestricted conditions can also be observed in situations where calves respond to other stimuli, e.g. fleeing behaviour