Table 21.
Summary of assessment of highly relevant welfare consequences per system (marked with an x/red cells)
| Calves – before weaning at dairy farm | Veal calves | CCC systems | Calves after weaning | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.10 | 3.11 | 3.12 |
| Individual housing | Kept from birth till weaning in group housing in small groups with milk feeding by bucket/trough | Kept from birth till weaning in group housing in large groups and automatic milk feeding | Individual housing | Group housing in small groups with milk feeding by bucket/trough | Group housing in large groups and automatic milk feeding | Systems with cow–calf contact | From weaning to 6 months in fully or partially slatted floor group pens without bedding | From weaning to 6 months in fully or partly littered group pens | From weaning to 6 months in group pens with cubicles | From weaning to 6 months in outdoor feedlots | |
| Respiratory disorders | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Inability to perform exploratory or foraging behaviour | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| Gastroenteric disorders | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Inability to perform sucking behaviour | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||
| Group stress | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Inability to chew and ruminate | x | x | |||||||||
| Resting problems | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Inability to perform play behaviour | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||
| Restriction of movement | x | x | x | x | |||||||
| Prolonged hunger | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Isolation stress | x | x | |||||||||
| Metabolic disorders | x | x | |||||||||
| Separation stress | x | ||||||||||
| Heat stress | x | ||||||||||
| Handling stress | x | ||||||||||