Table D.8: Summary of welfare consequences, ABMs, hazards and preventive measures in fully slatted floor group pens

Welfare consequence	ABM	Hazard	Preventive measure of the hazard
Restriction of movement	Slipping Falling Galloping in unrestricted conditions	Slippery nature of slats/concrete Poor integrity (state of maintenance) of slats Too wide, uneven or missing slats Low space allowance	Increase space allowance Provide rubber flooring Provide bedded lying area
Resting problems	Number of lying bouts Time spent in lateral recumbency	Concrete or slatted floor Low space allowance Commingling and regrouping	Partial rubberisation or rubber mats on concrete floors Access to a bedded area
Respiratory disorders	Rectal temperature Respiratory sounds at lung auscultation Coughing Nasal discharge Ocular discharge	Poor colostrum management Poor ventilation Lack of bedding, especially in cold environments Stressful events Proximity to older animals	Reduce stress factors (i.e. transport, mutilations, changes in group composition) Ensure good colostrum management and feeding of calves and establish integrated vaccination programs Appropriate ventilation to avoid high ammonia or dust concentrations and adequate temperature‐humidity index Keep calves in small and stable groups
Inability to perform exploratory or foraging behaviour	Non‐nutritive oral manipulation Tongue flicks Tongue rolling	Barren environments Concentrated diets Low feeding frequency/duration	Provide relevant enrichment, e.g. rubbing fixtures (brushes), enrichment objects, bedding Increase fibre content of diet to increase foraging Make animals work for their feed, e.g. straw rack, and increase feeding frequency Provide access to an outdoor area and pasture
Inability to perform play behaviour	No suitable ABMs of individual pens	Slatted floors Disease, injury, mal‐nutrition, cold weather and frightening stimuli Low space allowances, slippery surfaces and dark environments	Increased space allowance Non‐slippery rubber coated or straw bedded surfaces Good health and nutrition, as well as thermal comfort
Group stress	Aggressive interactions with physical contact	Low space allowance Regrouping Reduced feed manger area	Decreasing the total group size and/or increasing the number per pen Higher space allowance Avoid regrouping