J.1: Definitions of slaughter ABMs (ante‐ and post‐mortem) used to address Specific Scenario 2

ABM	Definition
Body condition	The body condition reflects body reserves or fat accumulation of an animal. Body condition scoring is used to critically examine the nutritional status of a calf
Lameness	Inability to use one or more limbs in a normal manner
Skin lesions‐wounds/injuries	Fresh or healed injuries on the skin of the body, which can be scratches, scabs (surface penetration of the epidermis) or wounds (penetration of the muscle tissue). (depending on whether injuries are fresh or healed they can be dated to understand whether they were caused during transport or on the farm)
Skin lesions ‐abscesses	Foci of infection with collection of pus that are visible externally to the skin
Manure on the body	Presence of manure/faeces on the body
Coughing/sneezing	The calf expels air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound
Nasal discharge	Defined as clearly visible flow/discharge from the nostrils; it can be transparent to yellow/green and often is of thick consistency
Pumping/Laboured breathing	Heavy and laboured calf breathing
Rectal prolapse	Internal tissue extrudes from the rectum
Hernia	Protrusion of a bodily structure or organ through the wall that normally contains it, resulting in a lump under the skin
Diarrhoea	Loose watery manure below the tail head on both sides of the tail, with the area affected at least the size of a hand
Lung lesions ‐pneumonia	Inflammation of the lung tissue with or without an overlying pleurisy
Lung lesions –pleurites	Inflammation of the pleurae with fibrinous pleural adhesions
Pericarditis	Fibrosis of pericardial sac, with or without the presence of fluid
Skin lesions –bruises	An injury (contusion) involving rupture of small blood vessels and discoloration without a break in the overlying skin
Abscesses	Foci of infection with collection of pus that may occur internally or externally in the carcass or the organs
Bursa (hygroma)	A bursa is a fluid filled sac that develops as a result of a pressure injury on the weight‐bearing points of the legs. Bursae are most prevalent in the front of the carpal joints and the hock region of the hind limbs, although they can occur in other locations
Abomasal lesions	Abomasal erosions, ulcers and scars
Rumen lesions	Lesions to the rumen mucosa: a hyperkeratosis, plaques and plaques with trapped hair
Rumen disorders	The presence of milk in the rumen is cause for concern. Milk in the rumen of calves reflects failure of the oesophageal groove to close properly and to deliver milk directly into the abomasum
Intestinal disorders	Enteritis is the most common lesion found in the calf's intestines though congenital defects are found occasionally
Carcass colour	Very pale carcass colour associated with low haemoglobin concentration and anaemia
Carcass condemnations	Carcass and parts that are unfit for use as food
Carcass aspect	Aspect of carcass composition (shape) and fat level