Figure 2. Multivariable-Adjusted Hazard Ratios and 95% CIs for Postmenopausal Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, and Prostate Cancer Across Sex-Specific Healthful vs Unhealthful Plant-based Diet Index Quartiles (n = 117 569).

All models used age as the underlying time variable and were adjusted for sex (excluding breast and prostate cancer), body mass index, race and ethnicity, physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol intake, education level, energy intake, polypharmacy index, multimorbidity index, and aspirin use, stratified by region. For breast cancer analyses, models were restricted to postmenopausal case patients with breast cancer and were further adjusted for use of menopause hormone therapy, use of oral contraception, polygenic risk score, age at menarche, and age at first live birth. For colorectal cancer analyses, models were further adjusted for menopausal status, polygenic risk score, and menopause hormone therapy. For prostate cancer analyses, models were further adjusted for polygenic risk score. hPDI indicates healthful plant-based diet index; HR, hazard ratio; uPDI, unhealthful plant-based diet index.