Table 1.
Comparison of patients’ characteristics according to negative or positive humoral response to two-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine.
| Parameters | All Recipients (n = 183) | Negative (n = 28) | Positive (n = 155) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 65.7 ± 7.7 | 63.9 ± 7.9 | 66.2 ± 7.4 | 0.144 |
| Age, ≥65-year-old | 117 (63.9) | 15 (53.6) | 102 (65.8) | 0.215 |
| Gender, male | 140 (76.5) | 19 (67.9) | 121 (78.1) | 0.121 |
| Type of transplantation, LDLT | 141 (77.0) | 17 (60.7) | 124 (80.0) | 0.026 |
| Maintenance of mTOR inhibitor | 21 (11.5) | 2 (7.1) | 19 (12.3) | 0.434 |
| Maintenance of MMF | 121 (66.1) | 18 (64.3) | 103 (66.5) | 0.824 |
| Maintenance of corticosteroid | 5 (2.7) | 3 (10.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0.005 |
| Time from LT to vaccination, months | 108.8 ± 59.9 | 87.4 ± 54.6 | 115.5 ± 60.3 | 0.023 |
| Time from LT to vaccination, ≥120 months | 77 (42.1) | 6 (21.4) | 71 (45.8) | 0.016 |
| Interval between two vaccinations, days | 83.9 ± 21.2 | 76.2 ± 25.3 | 84.8 ± 20.3 | 0.097 |
| Interval between two vaccinations, ≥28 days | 180 (98.4) | 28 (100.0) | 152 (98.1) | 0.458 |
| Immunosuppressant settings | 0.003 | |||
| No adjustment | 23 (12.6) | 9 (32.1) | 14 (9.0) | |
| Single suspension of MMF/EVR | 19 (10.4) | 2 (7.1) | 17 (11.0) | |
| Double suspension of MMF/EVR | 100 (54.6) | 9 (32.1) | 91 (58.7) | |
| Monotherapy (tacrolimus) | 41 (22.4) | 8 (28.6) | 33 (21.9) | |
| Hx of hepatocellular carcinoma | 80 (43.7) | 10 (35.7) | 70 (45.2) | 0.354 |
| Viral hepatitis | 0.371 | |||
| NBNC | 32 (17.5) | 5 (17.9) | 27 (17.4) | |
| HBV | 111 (60.7) | 15 (53.6) | 96 (61.9) | |
| HCV | 34 (18.6) | 8 (28.6) | 26 (16.8) | |
| Co-infection of HBV and HCV | 6 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.9) | |
| Hx of alcoholism | 22 (12) | 6 (21.4) | 16 (10.3) | 0.096 |
| Hx of autoimmune liver disease | 7 (3.8) | 1 (3.6) | 6 (3.9) | 0.939 |
| Hx of any autoimmune disease | 10 (5.5) | 1 (3.6) | 9 (5.8) | 0.632 |
| Hx of solid tumor malignancy | 87 (47.5) | 12 (42.9) | 75 (48.4) | 0.590 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 2.1 ± 2.4 | 1.8 ± 1.8 | 0.410 |
| Creatinine, ≥1.2 mg/dL | 84 (45.9) | 14 (50.0) | 70 (45.2) | 0.636 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 57.4 ± 30.2 | 48.9 ± 24.3 | 59.3 ± 31.1 | 0.097 |
| eGFP, ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 84 (45.9) | 9 (32.1) | 75(48.4) | 0.112 |
| Hemodialysis | 17 (9.3) | 3 (10.7) | 14 (9.0) | 0.778 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.86 ± 0.56 | 0.85 ± 0.42 | 0.86 ± 0.61 | 0.857 |
| Total bilirubin, ≥1.2 mg/dL | 24 (13.1) | 4 (14.3) | 20 (12.9) | 0.842 |
| AST, U/L | 25.2 ± 16.7 | 28.2 ± 16.7 | 23.8 ± 15.3 | 0.170 |
| AST, ≥34 U/L | 24 (13.1) | 7 (25.0) | 17 (11.0) | 0.043 |
| ALT, U/L | 28.8 ± 25.8 | 35.9 ± 32.0 | 27.1 ± 24.2 | 0.093 |
| ALT, ≥36 U/L | 36 (19.8) | 9 (32.7) | 27 (17.5) | 0.074 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.498 |
| Albumin, <3.5 g/dL | 3 (1.6) | 1 (3.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0.382 |
| WBC count, /uL | 5800.1 ± 1682.3 | 5435.7 ± 2298.8 | 5869.0 ± 1520.1 | 0.344 |
| WBC count, <4000/uL | 29 (15.8) | 8 (28.6) | 21 (13.5) | 0.045 |
| Neutrophil, % | 62.5 ± 9.3 | 66.0 ± 9.5 | 62.1 ± 9.2 | 0.041 |
| Neutrophil, ≥74% | 20 (10.9) | 7 (25.0) | 13 (8.4) | 0.010 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 27.2 ± 8.8 | 24.0 ± 9.0 | 27.9 ± 8.5 | 0.029 |
| Lymphocyte, <20% | 38 (20.8) | 11 (39.3) | 27 (17.4) | 0.009 |
| NLR | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 0.027 |
| NLR ≥2.25 | 102 (55.7) | 22 (78.6) | 80 (51.6) | 0.008 |
| Platelet count <100 × 109/L | 173.0 ± 55.9 | 166.8 ± 77.0 | 174.9 ± 50.3 | 0.475 |
| Platelet count, <100 × 109/L | 13 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | 11 (7.1) | 0.993 |
| FK506 trough level, ng/mL | 5.51 ± 4.41 | 5.5 ± 3.4 | 5.1 ± 3.6 | 0.534 |
| FK506 trough level, ≥6.8 ng/mL | 31 (16.9) | 9 (32.1) | 21 (14.2) | 0.020 |
LT, liver transplantation; IU, international unit; LDLT, living donor liver transplantation; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; NBNC, non-hepatitis B and non-hepatitis C, HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; Hx, history; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; WBC, white blood cell; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.