Figure 1.

Immune-related adverse events affect multiple organs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause side effects called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which involve hypophysitis, meningitis, thyroiditis, uveitis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis (diabetes mellites), hepatitis, erythema, nephropathy, adrenal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, colitis, thrombosis, and other manifestations. Colitis, hypophysitis, and skin rash occur more frequently with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, whereas pneumonitis, hypothyroidism, and vitiligo are more common with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibodies.