Table 1.
Brief summary of rheumatic immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
| Incidence | Treatment | |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis | Up to 5% | 1. NSAIDs, 2. Glucocorticoids, 3. DMARDs |
| Myositis | <1% | 1. Glucocorticoids, 2. DMARDs, 3. PE, 4. IVIg |
| Vasculitis | <1% | 1. Glucocorticoids, 2. CYC, 3. RTX, 4. TCZ |
| Myalgia | Up to 5% | 1. Glucocorticoids, 2. DMARDs, 3. TCZ |
| Sicca symptom | Rare | 1. Glucocorticoids |
| Skin rash (psoriasis) | Up to 3% | 1. Glucocorticoids, 2. DMARDs |
| Skin sclerosis | Rare | 1. Glucocorticoids, 2. CYC, 3. DMARDs |
| Lupus-like disease | Rare | 1. Glucocorticoids, 2. CYC |
Treatment should be decided based on the severity. CYC: cyclophosphamide, DMARDs: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, IVIg: intravenous immunoglobulin, NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PE: plasma exchange, RTX: rituximab, TCZ: tocilizumab.