Table 2.
Demographics data on osteoporosis.
| Ref. | Country of Publication | Study Design | Patients Number | Ethnicity | Sex/Age | Comorbidities | Osteoporosis Diagnostic Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Rawaf 2021 [26] | Saudi Arabia | Prospective | 100 Osteoporotic (N = 55) Healthy controls (N = 45) |
NR | Female 50–80 years |
None | DXA |
| Baloun 2022 [27] | Czechia | Prospective | 22 After oophorectomy and hysterectomy (N = 11) Before oophorectomy and hysterectomy (N = 11) |
NR | Female | NR | DXA |
| Bedene 2016 [28] | Slovenia | NR | 74 Osteoporotic (N = 17) Healthy controls (N = 57) |
NR | Female | NR | DXA FRAX |
| Chen 2016 [29] | China | NR | NR | Patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital | Female | None | DXA |
| Chen 2017 [30] | China | NR | 60 Osteoporotic (N = 30) Healthy controls (N = 30) |
Chinese women |
Female Osteoporotic: 59–80 years Non-osteoporotic: 62–74 years |
None | NR |
| Chen 2019 [31] | China | NR | 84 Osteoporotic (N = 42) Healthy controls (N = 42) |
NR | Female | NR | NR |
| Chen 2019 b [32] |
USA | NR | 75 Osteoporotic/osteopenic (N = 46) Sarcopenic (N = 1) Sarco-osteopenic (N = 15) Non-osteoporotic/non-sarcopenic (N = 13) |
NR | Female 60–85 years |
None | DXA |
| Cheng 2019 [33] | China | NR | 60 Osteoporotic (N = 30) Healthy controls (N = 30) |
NR | Female | NR | NR |
| Ciuffi 2022 [34] | Italy | Prospective multicenter study | 213 Osteoporotic (N = 105) Osteopenic (N = 62) Healthy controls (N = 46) |
Female/male Osteoporotic 68.0 ± 4.9 years Osteoporotic with fragility fracture 68.6 ± 5.0 years Osteoporotic without fragility fracture 67.0 ± 4.5 years Osteopenic healthy controls 67.2 ± 5.0 years |
NR | DXA | |
| Ding 2019 [35] | China | NR | 240 Osteoporotic (N = 120) Healthy controls (N = 120) |
Chinese woman | Female | NR | NR |
| Feurer 2019 [36] | France | Prospective | 682 Post-menopausal women (N = 583) Pre-menopausal women (N = 99) |
NR | Female | Stage 4 renal failure (n = 2), hyperthyroidism (n = 5), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3), diabetes (n = 18), | DXA HRpQCT |
| Fu 2019 [37] | China | Prospective | 40 Osteoporotic (N = 20) Healthy controls (N = 20) |
NR | Female | NR | NR |
| Fu 2021 [38] | China | Prospective | 161 Osteoporotic (N = 82) Healthy controls (N = 79) |
NR | Female/male Osteoporotic (60 female, 22 male) 50.48 ± 3.5 years Healthy controls (58 female, 21 male) 49.68 ± 4.17 years |
NR | DXA |
| Gao 2020 [39] | China | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Guo 2022 [40] | China | NR | 40 Osteoporotic fractured patients (N = 20) Healthy controls (N = 20) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic 59–80 years Healthy controls 62–75 |
NR | NR |
| Ismail 2020 [41] | Egypt | Prospective pilot | 140 Osteoporotic (N = 70) Healthy controls (N = 70) |
NR | Female Premenopausal (control: 34.03 ± 5.72 years and osteoporotic: 36.00 ± 7.15 years) Postmenopausal (control: 60.06 ± 6.57 and osteoporotic: 61.29 ± 7.69) |
None | DXA |
| Li 2014 [42] | China | Prospective | 120 Osteoporotic (N = 40) Osteopenic (N = 40) Healthy controls (N = 40) |
Chinese woman | Female Osteoporotic 57.5 ± 11.3 years Osteopenic 56.7 ± 10.7 Healthy controls 56.5 ± 10.5 |
None | DXA |
| Li 2018 [43] | China | NR | 20 Osteoporotic (N = 10) Healthy controls (N = 10) |
Chinese woman | Female Age range 62–75 years |
None | DXA |
| Li 2020 [44] | China | NR | 72 Osteoporotic (N = 36) Healthy controls (N = 36) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic 62 ± 3.98 years Healthy controls 59 ± 5.15 years |
None | DXA |
| Lu 2021 [45] | China | NR | 120 Osteoporotic (N = 63) Healthy controls (N = 57) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic 49.97 ± 4.20 years Healthy controls 50.58 ± 4.14 years |
None | DXA |
| Luo 2019 [46] | China | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Lv 2019 [47] | China | Prospective | 60 Osteoporotic (N = 30) Healthy controls (N = 30) |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Ma 2021 [48] | China | Case-control | 100 Osteoporotic (N = 86) Healthy controls (N = 14) |
NR | Female Osteopenic/osteoporotic 65.00 ± 8.51 years Healthy controls 39.07 ± 2.87 years |
None | DXA |
| Ma 2022 [49] | China | Case-control | 158 Osteoporotic (N = 108; 58 with fragility fracture) Healthy controls (N = 50) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic 64.82 ± 6.08 years Fragility fracture 63.72 ± 5.59 Healthy controls 64.26 ± 6.52 years |
None | DXA |
| Mandourah 2018 [50] | United Kingdom | NR | Osteopenic without fracture (N = 63; F 53/M 10) Osteopenic with fracture (N = 15; F 13/M 2) Osteoporotic without fracture (N = 34; F 28/M6) Osteoporotic with fracture (N = 19; F 17/M 2) Healthy controls (N = 30; F 20/M 10) |
NR | Female/male Osteopenic without fracture 65.6 ± 9.5 years Osteopenic with fracture 67 ± 9.5 years Osteoporotic without fracture 68.6 ± 10 years Osteoporotic with fracture 70 ± 10 years Healthy controls 67 ± 9.6 years |
None | DXA |
| Mi 2020 [51] | China | NR | 100 Osteoporotic (N = 50) Healthy controls (N = 50) |
NR | Age range 53–74 | NR | DXA |
| Nakashima 2020 [52] | Japan | Cross-sectional | 352 Osteoporotic (N = 125) Healthy controls (N = 227) |
Yakumo population | Female/male 64.1 ± 9.6 years |
NR | DXA |
| Nobrega 2020 [53] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 40 | Brazilian very old adults |
Female and male 84.2 ± 4.5 |
Type-2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome | DXA |
| Panach 2015 [54] | Spain | NR | 25 Osteoporotic fractured (N = 14) Healthy controls (N = 11) |
Caucasian women | Female Osteoporotic with fracture 79.6 ± 3.1 years Controls 63.4 ± 8.1 years |
NR | DXA |
| Pertusa 2021 [55] | Spain | NR | 77 Osteoporotic fractured (N = 25) Healthy controls (N = 52) |
Caucasian women | Female Osteoporotic with fracture 79.6 ± 3.1 years Controls 76.8 ± 8.3 years |
None | DXA |
| Qiao 2019 [56] | China | NR | 100 Osteoporotic (N = 60) Healthy controls (N = 40) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic 63.4 ± 2.4 years Healthy controls 59.3 ± 3.2 years |
NR | DXA |
| Ramírez-Salazar 2019 [57] | Mexico | NR | 87 Osteoporotic with fracture (N = 21) Osteoporotic without fracture (N = 16) Osteopenic (N = 28) Healthy controls (N = 22) |
Mexican-Mestizo women |
Female Osteoporotic 73.75 ± 4.46 years Healthy controls 71.1 ± 3.72 years |
None | DXA |
| Salman 2021 [58] | Iraq | NR | 95 Osteoporotic (N = 50) Healthy controls (N = 45) |
NR | Female/male Osteoporotic 72.5 ± 9.45 years Healthy controls 71.4 ± 8.33 years |
None | Physician diagnosis |
| Seeliger 2014 [59] | Germany | NR | 60 Osteoporotic (N = 30) Healthy controls (N = 30) |
NR | Female/male Osteoporotic 78.3 years Healthy controls 76.6 years |
None | DXA, X-ray, qCT |
| Shuai 2020 [60] | China | Case-control | 448 Osteopenia (N = 132) Osteoporotic (N = 134) Healthy controls (N = 182) |
Northwest China | Female/male Osteopenia 49.0 years Osteoporosis 61.1 years Healthy controls 42.3 years |
None | DXA |
| Sun 2020a [61] | China | NR | 18 Osteoporotic with fracture (N = 6) Osteoporotic without fracture (N = 6) Healthy controls (N = 6) |
NR | Female/male Osteoporotic without fracture 68.0 years Osteoporotic with fracture 69.7 years Healthy controls 47.8 years |
None | DXA |
| Sun 2020b [62] | China | NR | 81 Osteoporotic (N = 41) Healthy controls (N = 40) |
NR | Female/male Osteoporotic with fracture 44 years |
None | NR |
| Tang 2019 [63] | China | NR | 30 Osteoporotic (N = 15) Healthy controls (N = 15) |
NR | Female Age range 54–64 |
NR | NR |
| Wang 2018 [64] |
China | NR | 60 Osteoporotic (N = 45) Healthy controls (N = 15) |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Weilner 2015 [65] | Austria | NR | 23 Osteoporotic fractured (N = 12) Healthy controls (N = 11) |
White Caucasian | Female age ≥ 65 years |
Type-2 diabetes | DXA |
| Wu 2021 [66] | China | NR | 20 Osteoporotic (N = 10; 6 females and 4 males) Healthy controls (N = 10; 5 females and 5 males) |
NR | Female and male Osteoporotic Range 56–73 years Healthy controls Range 57–72 years |
None | DXA |
| Xia 2018 [67] | China | NR | 120 Osteoporotic (N = 60) Healthy controls (N = 60) |
NR | Female | NR | qCT |
| Xu 2022 [68] | China | Retrospective | 160 Osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures (N = 78) Osteoporotic patients without vertebral fractures (N = 82) |
NR | Osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures 67.90 ± 7.04 years Osteoporotic patients without vertebral fractures 66.84 ± 6.58 years |
None | DXA |
| Yang 2019 [69] | China | NR | 30 Osteoporotic (N = 15) Healthy controls (N = 15) |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Yavropoulou 2017 [70] | Greece | Multicenter cross-sectional, observational | 100 Osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures (N = 35) Osteoporotic patients without vertebral fractures (N = 35) Healthy controls (N = 30) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures 71 ± 7 years Osteoporotic patients without vertebral fractures 68 ± 7 years Healthy controls 68 ± 5 years |
None | DXA |
| Yin 2022 [71] | China | NR | 95 Osteoporotic (N = 52) Healthy controls (N = 43) |
NR | NR | None | NR |
| You 2016 [72] | China | NR | 155 Osteoporotic (N = 81) Healthy controls (N = 74) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic 65.8 ± 1.9 years Healthy controls 43.3 ± 1.4 years |
NR | DXA |
| Yu 2020 [73] | China | NR | 80 Osteoporotic with fracture (N = 40) Healthy controls (N = 40) |
NR | Female/male Osteoporotic with fracture 60.8 ± 1.9 years Healthy controls 62 ± 2.5 years |
None | DXA |
| Yuan 2021 [74] | China | NR | 89 Osteoporotic (N = 47) Healthy controls (N = 42) |
NR | NR | None | DXA |
| Zarecki 2020 [75] | United Kingdom | Case-control, observational, cross-sectional | 107 Osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures (N = 26) Osteoporotic patients without fractures (N = 39) Healthy controls (N = 42) |
NR | Osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures 69.6 years Osteoporotic patients without vertebral fractures 67.9 years Healthy controls 68.8 years |
None | DXA |
| Zhang 2019 [76] | China | NR | Osteoporotic patients Healthy controls |
NR | NR | None | NR |
| Zhang 2021 [77] | China | NR | 116 Osteoporotic with fracture (N = 60) Healthy controls (N = 56) |
NR | Female/male Osteoporotic with fracture 68.00 ± 1.00 years Healthy controls 68.10 ± 1.00 years |
None | DXA |
| Zhao 2019 [78] | China | NR | 96 Osteoporotic (N = 48) Healthy controls (N = 48) |
NR | NR | None | NR |
| Zhou 2019 [79] | China | NR | 144 Osteoporotic (N = 99) Healthy controls (N = 45) |
NR | Female Osteoporotic 62.6 ± 3.5 years Healthy controls 42.8 ± 5.5 years |
None | DXA |