Table 1.

Massry/Chock’s requirements for uremic toxin classification.

Massry/Chock’s Requirements
Toxin must be chemically identified and characterized
Toxin must be quantified in the biological fluids
Toxin in fluids must be detected at high levels in the uremia
Relation between the toxin levels and one or more manifestations of the uremia
Reduction in the level of the toxin must be correlated with an improvement in uremic effects
Uremic toxin levels present in the uremia must be used in vitro and in vivo models to reproduce uremic manifestation A possible pathobiological mechanism should be demonstrated to explain the link between the toxin and uremic manifestation