Figure 8.
(a) Density of states of the analysis of CO adsorption on various metal surfaces. (b) Free energy diagram of HER occurred on various metal surfaces calculated by the RPBE functional. (c) Free energy diagrams of competing CO hydrogenation in the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism and HER in the Tafel mechanism on various transition metal surfaces. The insets are adsorption configures of reaction species on the Pt(111) surface. (d) Product distribution of CO2RR characterized by three-parameter descriptors including the binding energies of CO*, COOH*, and HCOO*.