Figure 6.

Nanopore sequencing. Illustration of the organization of the translocation device showing the insertion of the aerolysin nanopore within the membrane and the elusive depiction of a chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan passing through the channel of aerolysin. Nanopore experiments use a horizontal lipid bilayer Teflon device. The setup comprises the cis and trans chambers connected by a sub-millimeter inner diameter capillary. The lipid bilayer is formed by depositing a film of 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine over a conical aperture of 20–30 μmin diameter that separates the cis and trans chambers. Two Ag–AgCl electrodes are installed in the cis and trans chambers filled with 100 μL of a buffer allowing the application of a fixed voltage and measurement of the ionic current. The entire setup is placed within a grounded Faraday cage to shield it from electromagnetic interference electrically.⁷⁴ Upon its translocation, the polysaccharide inside the channel blocks the current. For each translocation event, the block current, the open pore current and the duration of the event are recorded for further identification and statistical analysis. Adapted from ref (75) and is licensed under CC BY 4.0, https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Nanopores_GAGs_sequencing/19391822.