Table 3.

Sensitivity analysis for the association between PPI and CKD risk.

Excluded Study	Pooled Estimates		Test of Heterogeneity
	RR (95% CI)	p-Value	Q Value	p-Value	I2 (%)
All Studies	1.72 (1.02–2.87)	0.03	8730.42	<0.001	99.88
Arora et al. [30]	1.80 (1.02–3.17)	0.04	8066.26	<0.001	99.88
Devraj et al. [26]	1.59 (0.93–2.73)	0.09	8719.87	<0.001	99.89
Hart et al. [27]	1.78 (1.02–3.10)	0.04	8573.17	<0.001	99.89
Huang et al. [32]	1.75 (0.98–3.12)	0.05	8569.41	<0.001	99.89
Lazarus (a) et al. [15]	1.74 (1.01–2.99)	0.04	8727.31	<0.001	99.89
Lazarus (b) et al. [15]	1.78 (1.00–3.18)	0.04	8123.88	<0.001	99.88
R. Poncelas et al. [28]	1.76 (1.01–3.05)	0.04	8676.41	<0.001	99.89
Wu et al. [25]	1.34 (1.24–1.45)	<0.001	128.22	<0.001	92.98
Xie et al. [31]	1.77 (0.98–3.19)	0.05	8226.78	<0.001	99.89
Yang et al. [29]	1.74 (1.00–3.03)	0.05	8698.44	<0.001	99.89
Zhang et al. [24]	1.76 (1.00–3.07)	0.04	8634.15	<0.001	99.89