TABLE 2.
Mean values ± standard error and relative significance for the cell survival assessment in HEALTHY subjects after 3 and 6 days of RPM exposure.
| HEALTHY_3 days | Significance | HEALTHY_6 days | Significance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell viability (%) | Normogravity | 100.0 ± 4.4 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, **p < 0.01; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 58.9 | 100.0 ± 4.3 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, **p < 0.01; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 40.1 |
| RPM Exposure | 67.9 ± 2.2 | 59.9 ± 2.1 | |||
| RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment | 117.1 ± 2.7 | 83.3 ± 2.7 | |||
| Intracellular ROS level (%) | Normogravity | 100.0 ± 3.0 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 19.3 | 100.0 ± 5.8 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ***p < 0.001; F = 14.6 |
| RPM Exposure | 124.7 ± 4.1 | 140.2 ± 4.3 | |||
| RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment | 100.6 ± 2.0 | 106.4 ± 6.2 | |||
| RLU (%) | Normogravity | 100.0 ± 2.8 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, **p < 0.01; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, **p < 0.01; F = 9.4 | 100.0 ± 2.0 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, *p < 0.05; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 108.3 |
| RPM Exposure | 113.2 ± 2.9 | 159.6 ± 2.1 | |||
| RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment | 97.2 ± 2.6 | 113.4 ± 4.5 | |||
| Akt expression | Normogravity | 0.44 ± 0.02 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, *p < 0.05; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 247.6 | 0.44 ± 0.01 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, **p < 0.01; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 446.0 |
| RPM Exposure | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | |||
| RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | |||
| Bcl-2/Bax ratio expression | Normogravity | 0.79 ± 0.01 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, *p < 0.05; RPM Exposure vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 122.4 | 1.01 ± 0.01 | Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure, ****p < 0.0001; Normogravity vs. RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment, ****p < 0.0001; F = 478.0 |
| RPM Exposure | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | |||
| RPM Exposure + r-irisin Treatment | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 0.51 ± 0.01 |