(a) Fabrication process of silica nanoparticle PDMS/nanoporous cellulose acetate film. (b) Microscopic photographs of the silica nanoparticle PDMS and the nanoporous cellulose acetate; the three scale bars are 10 µm, 2 µm, and 1 µm, respectively. (c) Passive cooling feature of the proposed hybrid material ((a–c) reprinted with permission from Ref. [52], Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society). (d) Fabrication process of the nanoporous PU substrate. (e) Photograph showing the stretchability of the nanoporous PU. (f) Waterproofness of the nanoporous PU under different strains ((d–f) are reprinted with permission from Ref. [53], Copyright 2022 Royal Society of Chemistry).