Table 2.

Cohen’s $\kappa$ statistics for assessing the normality based on the Q–Q plots

	Binary outcome (N = 2498a)				Non-binary outcome (N = 2533b)
	Originalc	ORd	RRd	RDd	Originala
Cohen’s $\kappa$ statistic (I)e	0.36	0.35	0.35	0.36	0.37
Cohen’s $\kappa$ statistic (II)f	0.44	0.42	0.43	0.44	0.46

^aBased on 2498 eligible meta-analyses with P-values ≥ 0.1 (from the SW test) and the between-study variance estimates > 0 for all of the OR, RR, and RD for binary outcomes

^bBased on 2533 eligible meta-analyses with P-values ≥ 0.1 (from the SW test) and the between-study variance estimates > 0 for non-binary outcomes

^cOriginally reported effect measures in Cochrane meta-analyses

^dOdds ratios, relative risks, and risk differences re-calculated from 2 $\times$ 2 tables for meta-analyses with binary outcomes

^eBased on all 75 categories for the 5 scores for the left tail, 5 scores for the right tail, and 3 scores for the multimodal status

^fBased on 2 aggregate categories of normality (all scores equal 0) vs. non-normality (any score does not equal 0)