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. 2023 Mar 9;9(3):336. doi: 10.3390/jof9030336

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Direct interaction between Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DHA55 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nevium (Fon) on watermelon roots and cellophane membrane, as revealed by SEM observations. (A) Root surface of watermelon plants treated with sterile Luria-Bertani medium (CK). (B) Colonization of B. amyloliquefaciens DHA55 on watermelon root surface at 24 h after inoculation. (C) Adherence of B. amyloliquefaciens DHA55 to Fon mycelia on the root surface of watermelon plants at 12 h after inoculation. (D,E) B. amyloliquefaciens DHA55 disrupted Fon mycelia on the root surface of watermelon plants at (D) 24 and (E) 48 h after inoculation, respectively. (F) Fon mycelia grown on cellophane membrane without B. amyloliquefaciens DHA55 treatment. (G) B. amyloliquefaciens DHA55 caused damage to Fon mycelia grown on cellophane membrane. The watermelon plants were grown hydroponically, and roots were washed gently with water before imaging. The experiments were independently performed three times with similar results.