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. 2023 Feb 24;15(3):623. doi: 10.3390/v15030623

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Alterations in miRNA profile of THC-treated SIV-infected cART-treated RMs. (A) Volcano plot showing down-(blue) regulated and up-(red) regulated miRNAs in THC/SIV/ART EVs relative to VEH/SIV/ART EVs at 1 MPI (left) and 5 MPI (right). Red circle indicates miRNAs (miR-186-5p, miR-382-5p, miR-139-5p, and miR-652) suppressed by ART treatment of SIV-infected macaques. (B) Volcano plot showing down-(blue) regulated and miRNAs in THC/SIV/ART ECs relative to VEH/SIV/ART ECs at 1 MPI (left) and 5 MPI (right). (C) miRNA-target enrichment analysis showing top target genes by number of interactions for miR-186-5p, miR-382-5p, miR-139-5p. (D) Visualization of miRNA-target interaction network for miR-574, miR-374b-5p and miRA-139-5p. The blue circles represent the miRNAs, while the target genes are represented by the yellow circles. Pathways are represented by blue lines. (E) Dot plot of functional enrichment analysis for target genes of miR-186-5p, miR-382-5p, miR-139-5p. Color of dots represent adjusted p-values (FDR) and size of dots represents gene ratio (number of miRNA targets found enriched in each category/number of total genes associated to that category. (F) miRNA-target enrichment analysis showing top target genes by number of interactions for miR-139-5p and miR-374b-5p. (G) Visualization of miRNA-target interaction network for miR-139-5p and miR-374b-5p. The blue circles represent the miRNAs, while the target genes are represented by the yellow circles. Pathways are represented by blue lines. (H) Dot plot of functional enrichment analysis for target genes of miR-139-5p and miR-374b-5p. Color of dots represent adjusted p-values (FDR) and size of dots represents gene ratio (number of miRNA targets found enriched in each category/number of total genes associated to that category. (I) Venn diagram comparing significantly modulated miRNAs in EVs and ECs at 1 MPI and 5 MPI. Red circle indicates miR-139-5p that was significantly downregulated at 5 MPI in both EVs and ECs.