Table 1.
Characteristics of US adults by three categories of total cardiovascular health (CVH) score, 2005–2018
| Characteristic | Total CVH scores | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–49 | 50–74 | 75–100 | ||
| Overall | 4810 | 11,257 | 3884 | |
| Sex (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 52.3 | 50.6 | 39.6 | |
| Female | 47.7 | 49.4 | 60.4 | |
| Age group (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| 30–49 years | 34.5 | 41.4 | 57.3 | |
| 50–64 years | 40.1 | 34.0 | 25.8 | |
| 65–79 years | 25.4 | 24.6 | 16.9 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Hispanic | 21.9 | 26.5 | 20.2 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 44.7 | 43.1 | 51.2 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 27.9 | 21.4 | 11.5 | |
| Others | 5.5 | 9.0 | 17.0 | |
| Education level (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| < High school graduate | 32.2 | 23.1 | 10.1 | |
| High school graduate | 28.6 | 23.6 | 13.0 | |
| Some college or associates degree | 29.0 | 30.8 | 24.9 | |
| College graduate or above | 10.2 | 22.6 | 52.1 | |
| Marital status (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Married | 50.0 | 59.3 | 69.3 | |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 30.5 | 23.6 | 15.6 | |
| Unmarried/cohabitation | 19.4 | 17.1 | 15.1 | |
| Ratio of family income to poverty | < 0.001 | |||
| < 1.30 | 41.3 | 27.4 | 14.9 | |
| 1.30–2.99 | 33.4 | 31.8 | 24.1 | |
| ≥ 3.00 | 25.3 | 40.9 | 61.1 | |
| History of heart disease (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 15.0 | 7.7 | 3.5 | |
| No | 85.0 | 92.3 | 96.6 | |
| History of stroke (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 7.2 | 3.3 | 1.1 | |
| No | 92.8 | 96.7 | 98.9 | |
| Diet | ||||
| Mean score (95% CI) | 24.8 (23.6–26.0) | 41.4 (40.5–42.4) | 64.5 (63.0–66.0) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Mean (95% CI), min/week | 30.0 (24.4–35.6) | 143.7 (135.6–151.8) | 291.6 (276.2–307.0) | < 0.001 |
| Mean score (95% CI) | 11.1 (9.8–12.4) | 46.1 (44.6–47.6) | 86.1 (84.7–87.5) | < 0.001 |
| Nicotine exposure | ||||
| Mean score (95% CI) | 40.9 (39.1–42.7) | 70.1 (68.9–71.2) | 90.1 (89–91.2) | < 0.001 |
| Sleep health | ||||
| Mean (95% CI), h/day | 6.7 (6.6–6.7) | 7.1 (7.1–7.2) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | < 0.001 |
| Mean score (95% CI) | 69.7 (68.2–71.2) | 84.3 (83.8–84.9) | 92.5 (91.9–93.2) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Mean (95% CI), kg/m2 | 34.1 (33.7–34.5) | 29.8 (29.6–30.0) | 25.3 (25.1–25.5) | < 0.001 |
| Mean score (95% CI) | 35.2 (33.7–36.8) | 55.4 (54.5–56.4) | 81.2 (80.1–82.3) | < 0.001 |
| Blood lipids (non-HDL cholesterol) | ||||
| Mean (95% CI), mg/dL | 165.6 (163.1–168.1) | 147.1 (145.7–148.5) | 127.3 (125.7–128.9) | < 0.001 |
| Mean score (95% CI) | 43.9 (42.2–45.7) | 59.2 (58.3–60.0) | 76.6 (75.1–78.1) | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose | ||||
| Mean score (95% CI) | 59.1 (58.0–60.2) | 76.3 (75.6–77.0) | 90.1 (89.1–91.1) | < 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL, mean (95% CI) | 125.1 (122.2–128.0) | 109.5 (108.3–110.8) | 99.1 (97.8–100.5) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, %, mean (95% CI) | 6.2 (6.2–6.3) | 5.6 (5.6–5.7) | 5.3 (5.3–5.3) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Mean score (95% CI) | 44.6 (43.1–46.0) | 64.8 (63.9–65.8) | 85.7 (84.6–86.8) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic, mmHg, mean (95% CI) | 132.4 (131.6–133.2) | 123.4 (122.9–123.8) | 113.9 (113.4–114.5) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic, mmHg, mean (95% CI) | 75.0 (74.3–75.8) | 72.3 (71.9–72.7) | 69.3 (68.8–69.9) | < 0.001 |
CVD cardiovascular disease, CI confidence interval