. 2023 Mar 29;131(3):037013. doi: 10.1289/EHP11587

Table 3.

HR (95% CI) per 10-dB increase in Lden, 10- $μ g / m^{3}$ increase in $particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$ , and 0.1 increase per 0.1 NDVI for death by intentional self-harm, in mutually adjusted models.

	All intentional self-harm (ICD-10: X60–84, excluding X61.8, X61.9 and X81–82; N $cases equals 11265$ )						Poisoning (X60–69)	Hanging (X70)	Firearms (X72–75)	Jumping (X80)
	All ( $lowercase italic n equals 11265$ )	Male ( $lowercase italic n equals 8476$ )	Female ( $lowercase italic n equals 2789$ )	Age 15–30 y ( $lowercase italic n equals 1508$ )	Age $greater than 30 to 65$ y ( $lowercase italic n equals 7240$ )	Age $greater than 65$ ( $lowercase italic n equals 2517$ )	All ( $lowercase italic n equals 1178$ )	All ( $lowercase italic n equals 3755$ )	All ( $lowercase italic n equals 3236$ )	All ( $lowercase italic n equals 1651$ )
Road traffic noise	1.040 (1.015, 1.065)^a	1.034 (1.006, 1.063)	1.058 (1.007, 1.112)	1.079 (1.011, 1.152)	1.05 (1.019, 1.082)	0.994 (0.944, 1.046)	1.106 (1.025, 1.193)	1.060 (1.017, 1.105)	1.007 (0.963, 1.053)	1.009 (0.964, 1.055)
Railway noise	1.022 (1.004, 1.041)^b	1.021 (1.000, 1.043)	1.028 (0.992, 1.066)	0.982 (0.934, 1.032)	1.027 (1.004, 1.051)	1.037 (0.998, 1.077)	1.053 (0.997, 1.111)	1.006 (0.974, 1.039)	1.014 (0.980, 1.050)	1.015 (0.98, 1.051)
Aircraft noise	0.997 (0.965, 1.029)	0.995 (0.959, 1.032)	1.005 (0.943, 1.071)	0.983 (0.901, 1.072)	1.015 (0.976, 1.056)	0.950 (0.887, 1.017)	0.994 (0.902, 1.094)	0.970 (0.917, 1.027)	0.989 (0.933, 1.049)	0.991 (0.935, 1.051)
$particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$	0.900 (0.811, 0.998)	0.899 (0.798, 1.012)	0.918 (0.74, 1.137)	0.978 (0.734, 1.303)	0.882 (0.776, 1.002)	0.915 (0.729, 1.149)	0.943 (0.671, 1.324)	0.913 (0.767, 1.086)	0.961 (0.792, 1.167)	0.906 (0.745, 1.101)
NDVI	0.999 (0.978, 1.020)	1.016 (0.992, 1.041)	0.946 (0.908, 0.986)	1.002 (0.948, 1.058)	0.986 (0.961, 1.012)	1.036 (0.991, 1.084)	0.923 (0.868, 0.982)	1.042 (1.005, 1.081)	1.051 (1.009, 1.094)	1.048 (1.007, 1.091)

Note: Results from main model (M3) including noise exposures (road traffic noise, railway noise, and aircraft noise), $particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$ exposure, NDVI within 500 m around the residence, age as timescale, sex as strata, individual sociodemographic covariates (civil status, education, mother tongue, nationality, urbanization, local SEP) and area covariates (area SEP-Index and unemployment rate). CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; Lden, day-evening-night level; NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index.

The E-value is a measure for the minimum strength of association that an unmeasured confounder would need to have with both the exposure and the outcome, conditional on the measured covariates, to fully explain the observed exposure–outcome association.

^{^a}

E-Value for point estimate = 1.24.

^{^b}

E-Value for point estimate = 1.17.