Table 1.

TMAO direct modulation of some angiocrine factors.

Angiocrine Factor	Modulation Effect by TMAO	References
NO	Reduction in eNOS phosphorylation and NO release in HUVECs and BAE-1 cells	[73,74]
	Reduction in eNOS phosphorylation and NO release in the carotid artery of C57BL/6N mice	[69]
	No variation in eNOS phosphorylation and NO release in HAECs and rat aortas	[71]
Adhesion molecules	Enhancement of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression in HAECs	[48,75]
	Induction of VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs and mice aortic endothelial cells	[76]
IL-6	Enhanced expression at the mRNA level in aortas from C57BL/6J mice and cultured HEACs and VSMCs	[75]
	Increased expression at the mRNA level in the aortic arch of C57BL/6J mice	[77]
	Increased expression at mRNA and protein level in HUVECs and VSMCs	[78]