Table 4.
Other performance evaluations among different models
CoAtNet-0-rw | EfficientNet-b5 | Baseline (ResNet50) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labels | LWBCE | Lours | LWBCE | Lours | LWBCE | Lours |
Accuracy | Accuracy | Accuracy | Accuracy | Accuracy | Accuracy | |
Atelectasis | 0.689 | 0.772 | 0.731 | 0.714 | 0.650 | 0.740 |
Cardiomegaly | 0.812 | 0.840 | 0.745 | 0.839 | 0.875 | 0.855 |
Consolidation | 0.673 | 0.769 | 0.730 | 0.719 | 0.597 | 0.654 |
Edema | 0.797 | 0.824 | 0.820 | 0.822 | 0.761 | 0.738 |
Effusion | 0.746 | 0.753 | 0.768 | 0.810 | 0.724 | 0.787 |
Emphysema | 0.891 | 0.900 | 0.776 | 0.898 | 0.831 | 0.805 |
Fibrosis | 0.762 | 0.847 | 0.738 | 0.839 | 0.631 | 0.626 |
Hernia | 0.992 | 0.768 | 0.734 | 0.981 | 0.948 | 0.659 |
Infiltration | 0.683 | 0.742 | 0.709 | 0.692 | 0.626 | 0.628 |
Mass | 0.796 | 0.895 | 0.870 | 0.790 | 0.729 | 0.785 |
Nodule | 0.735 | 0.819 | 0.820 | 0.700 | 0.683 | 0.600 |
Pleural_Thickening | 0.708 | 0.829 | 0.747 | 0.785 | 0.622 | 0.685 |
Pneumonia | 0.705 | 0.768 | 0.809 | 0.788 | 0.491 | 0.610 |
Pneumothorax | 0.803 | 0.894 | 0.797 | 0.858 | 0.819 | 0.788 |
Overall# | 0.248 | 0.257 | 0.175 | 0.218 | 0.103 | 0.138 |
Macro precision | Macro precision | Macro precision | Macro precision | Macro precision | Macro precision | |
Atelectasis | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.60 |
Cardiomegaly | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.56 |
Consolidation | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
Edema | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
Effusion | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.65 |
Emphysema | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
Fibrosis | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.51 |
Hernia | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.50 |
Infiltration | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.59 |
Mass | 0.57 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.57 |
Nodule | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.53 |
Pleural_Thickening | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
Pneumonia | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.51 |
Pneumothorax | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.57 |
Overall* | 0.56 ± 0.01 (0.54, 0.58) | 0.57 ± 0.01 (0.55, 0.60)a | 0.56 ± 0.01 (0.53, 0.58) | 0.56 ± 0.01 (0.54, 0.58) | 0.55 ± 0.01 (0.53, 0.57) | 0.55 ± 0.01 (0.53, 0.58) |
Macro recall | Macro recall | Macro recall | Macro recall | Macro recall | Macro recall | |
Atelectasis | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.72 |
Cardiomegaly | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.80 |
Consolidation | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.73 |
Edema | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.82 |
Effusion | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.80 |
Emphysema | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.79 |
Fibrosis | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
Hernia | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.72 |
Infiltration | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.65 |
Mass | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
Nodule | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.65 |
Pleural_Thickening | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.72 |
Pneumonia | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.67 |
Pneumothorax | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
Overall* | 0.75 ± 0.02 (0.72, 0.79) | 0.76 ± 0.02 (0.73, 0.80)b | 0.75 ± 0.02 (0.72, 0.79) | 0.75 ± 0.02 (0.71, 0.78) | 0.74 ± 0.02 (0.70, 0.77) | 0.74 ± 0.01 (0.70, 0.77) |
Macro F1-score | Macro F1-score | Macro F1-score | Macro F1-score | Macro F1-score | Macro F1-score | |
Atelectasis | 0.57 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.60 |
Cardiomegaly | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.57 |
Consolidation | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 0.47 |
Edema | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.48 |
Effusion | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.69 | 0.62 | 0.67 |
Emphysema | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.52 |
Fibrosis | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.41 |
Hernia | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.40 |
Infiltration | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.56 |
Mass | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.57 | 0.53 | 0.57 |
Nodule | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.45 |
Pleural_Thickening | 0.48 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.44 | 0.47 |
Pneumonia | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.40 |
Pneumothorax | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.59 | 0.57 |
Overall* | 0.54 ± 0.02 (0.51, 0.57)c | 0.57 ± 0.02 (0.53, 0.61)d | 0.54 ± 0.02 (0.50, 0.58) | 0.56 ± 0.02 (0.52, 0.59)e | 0.51 ± 0.02 (0.46, 0.55) | 0.51 ± 0.02 (0.46, 0.56) |
aThere are significant differences when compared with ResNet50 + LWBCE (p = 0.043) and ResNet50 + Lours (p = 0.045).
bThere are differences when compared with ResNet50 + LWBCE (p = 0.051) and ResNet50 + Lours (p = 0.015)
cThere is a significant difference when compared with ResNet50 + LWBCE (p = 0.041)
dThere are significant differences when compared with ResNet50 + LWBCE (p = 0.010) and ResNet50 + Lours (p = 0.002)
eThere are significant differences when compared with ResNet50 + LWBCE (p = 0.002) and ResNet50 + Lours (p = 0.015). All statistical analyses were performed using repeated measures ANOVA tests with Bonferroni adjustments
#It indicates the correct prediction of all 14 labels
*Data were presented as mean ± standard error (95% confidence interval)