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. 2023 Mar 9;13(3):314. doi: 10.3390/membranes13030314

Figure 7.

Figure 7

FESEM images of the (1) surface and (2) cross-section of the (a) pristine PVDF (p-PVDF), coated membranes by (b) FAS/TEOS (Coat-TEOS) and (c) FAS/APTES (Coat-APTES) and modified membranes with oxygen plasma activation at different plasma conditions and functionalised with (d) FAS/TEOS (Plasma-TEOS) and (e) FAS/APTES (Plasma-APTES).