Table 3.

Study on the in vivo activity of flavonoids.

Compound	In Vivo Models	Conc.	Effects	Mechanism of Action	References
Baicalin	Male C57BL/6 mice	21 mg/kg	Arthritis	Antagonism of Th-17 cells	[140]
	Female BALB/C nude mice	200 mg/kg	Breast cancer	Inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and induces G1/S arrest in cells	[131]
	Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice	21 mg/kg	Diabetes	Activates AKT/AS160/GLUT4 pathway	[141]
Baicalein	Male SD rats	200 mg/kg	COVID-19	Inhibits virus replication in vivo and reduces serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α	[133]
	Male ICR mice	1, 5, and 10 mg/kg	Colorectal cancer	Induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells	[134]
	Female C57BL/6 mice	0.8 mg/mouse nine times	Bladder cancer	Reduces expression of cyclin D1 by inhibiting new protein synthesis and promoting proteasomal degradation and reduces expression of cyclin B1 by inhibiting new protein synthesis.	[142]
	Male C57BL/6 mice	0.5 mg/kg	Type 2 diabetes	Improves the viability and insulin secretion of fine beta cells and human pancreatic islets	[143]
Luteolin	Male ICR mice	100 mg/kg	Acute pancreatitis	Suppresses the activation of the NF-κB pathway	[144]
	Male BALB/cN mice	5mg/kg	Nephrotoxicity	Reduces Pt accumulation in the kidney to improve oxidative stress and inflammation	[145]
	BALB/c nude mice	40 mg/kg	Gastric carcinoma	Downregulates VEGF-A and MMP-9 and decreases the immune response	[146]
EGCG	Male C57BL/6 mice	10 mg/kg	SARS-CoV-2	Inhibits virus replication	[114]
	Male ICR mice	100 mg/kg	Diabetic nephropathy	Inhibits increased OPN expression, reduces serum creatinine, and causes proteinuria and normalized morphological changes in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy	[147]
Oroxylin A	Female BALB/c nude mice	200 mg/kg	Lung cancer	Inhibits the activation of ERK signaling and inhibits snail protein content and EMT	[93]
	Male DBA/1 mice	10 mg/kg	Rheumatoid arthritis	Reduces serum levels of anti-CII Abs, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-17	[61]
Tiliroside	Male C57BL/6 mice	5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg Dose-dependent manner	Type 2 diabetes	Regulates miR-27 expression and inhibits glycoisomerization	[148]
Biochanin A	Male C57BL/6 mice	12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg	Acute lung injury	Inhibits TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation and increases PPAR-γ expression in the lungs	[126]
Isorhamnetin	Male ICR mice	1 nM	Diabetes	Activates JAK/STAT pathway to increase glucose uptake by muscle cells	[149]
Quercetin	Male ICR mice	0.1 nM and 1 nM	Diabetes	Activates CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway and activates IRS3/PI10K/Akt signaling	[149]
Naringenin	Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats	25, 50, or 100 mg/kg	Neuroapoptosis	Regulates PI3/Akt/PTEN signaling pathway and inhibits NF-κB-mediated inflammation	[150]