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. 2023 Feb 22;13(3):605. doi: 10.3390/life13030605

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Synovial fluid protein content differs in female osteoarthritis (OA) patients. (a) Principal component analysis (PCA) mapping of female OA and non-OA (control) profiling. Female OA group (indicated by red triangles) was clustered distinctly from non-OA (control) group (indicated by blue circles). (b) Heatmap of (a) female OA (n = 15) and non-OA (n = 13) patients. Differences between normal and OA patients were examined using the empirical Bayes moderated test, and only those that were significantly different at the p value 0.05 level were selected.