Table 3.
Associations between ejaculatory abstinence time and pregnancy rate, live birth rate and DNA fragmentation.
| Author | EA | ART | Pregnancy Rate | Live Birth Rate | DFI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dahan et al. [18] | 3 h and 3 days | ICSI, IVF | ↓ | ||
| Kabukçu et al. [19] | 1 and 3 days | IUI | ←→ | ←→ | |
| Agarwal et al. [20] | <2, 2–7 and 9–11 days 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11 days |
↓ | |||
| Borges et al. [21] | <4 and >4 days 1, 2, 3 and 4 days |
ICSI | ↑ | ↓ | |
| Vahidi et al. [22] | 24 h, 3 and 2–7 days. | ↓ | |||
| Comar et al. [23] | <2, 2–5 and >5 days | ↓ | |||
| Uppangala et al. [24] | 1, 3, 5 and 7 days | ↓ | |||
| Sánchez-Martín et al. [25] | 12 h and 4 days | ICSI | ↑ | ↓ | |
| Scarselli et al. [26] | 1 h and 2–5 days | ICSI | ←→ | ||
| Shen et al. [27] | 1–3 h and 3–7 days | IVF | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
| Gosálvez et al. [28] | (1) 24 h and 4 days (2) 3 h and 4 days |
ICSI | ↓ | ||
| Jurema et al. [29] | ≤3, 3–10 and >10 days | IUI | ↑ | ||
| Mayorga-Torres et al. [30] | 1 and 3–4 days | ←→ | |||
| Jonge et al. [31] | 1, 3, 5 and 8 days | ←→ | |||
| Kulkarni et al. [32] | 1–3 h and 2–7 days | ↓ | |||
| Marshburn et al. [33] | <2, 3–5 and >5 days | IUI | ↑ | ||
| Barbagallo et al. [34] | 1 h and 2–7 days | ICSI | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Kably-Ambe et al. [35] | 0–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6–7, 8–9, 10–14 and 15–20 days |
IUI | ↑ | ||
| Gupta et al. [36] | 1, 2–5, 6–7 and ≥ 8 days | ICSI | ↑ | ||
| Manna et al. [37] | 1 h and 2–7 days | ICSI | ↓ | ||
| Azizi et al. [38] | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6–10 days | ICSI | ←→ | ||
| Welliver et al. [39] | 1 and 3–5 days | ←→ | |||
| Periyasamy et al. [40] | 2–4, 2–7, 5–7 and >7 days | ICSI or ICSI + IVF | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Lee et al. [41] | 2–7 and 8 days | ICSI | ←→ |
↑: increase significantly with decreasing abstinence time (p < 0.05), ↓: decrease significantly with decreasing abstinence time (p < 0.05), ←→: not significantly different, EA: ejaculatory abstinence time, ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection, IVF: in vitro fertilization, IUI: intrauterine insemination.