Table 1.
Summary of various design strategies of delivery vehicles for RNAs. aChemical synthesis method used for the preparation of the respective delivery vehicles.
| No | Delivery Vehicle | Synthesis Method a | Surface Modification | Particle Sizes | RNA Size | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) | Co-precipitation | Mg3Al–NO3-LDH | 80 to 300 nm | 330 bp and 977 bp dsRNA hairpin | [18] |
| Co-precipitation | Mg3Al–NO3-LDH | 50 to 120 nm | 300 bp dsRNA | [25] | ||
| Co-precipitation | Mg3Al–NO3-LDH | 30 to 90 nm | 30–40 bp dsRNA | [26] | ||
| 2 | Carbon Dot (CD) | Solvothermal | Branched Polyethyleneimine |
2.7 to 3.9 nm | 22 nt siRNA | [27] |
| CD-Branched Polyethylenimine (bPEI) |
Hydrothermal | Lipid modification (addition of 1,2-epoxytetradecane) |
220 nm | 250 bp dsRNA | [28] | |
| 3 | Carbon Nanotube (CNT) | HiPco | Not reported | 776 nm (length), 1.567 nm (height) | 19 nt siRNA | [29] |
| 4 | Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) (i.e., Bp100) |
Chemical synthesis |
Polycation (KH)9 | 100 to 300 nm | 456 bp dsRNA | [17] |
| 5 | Gold (Au) Nanoparticle | Chemical synthesis |
Poly-l-arginine | 60 to 100 nm | 355 bp dsRNA | [30] |
| Chemical synthesis |
Polyethyleneimine | 6 to 30 nm | 21 bp siRNA | [31] | ||
| 6 | Chitosan Nanoparticle | Chemical synthesis |
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) | 73.25 nm | 40 bp DNA producing 21 nt ssRNA | [32] |
| 7 | Star Polycation (SPc) | Chemical synthesis |
hpRNA-SPc | Not reported | 331, 333, 413 and 508 bp hairpin dsRNA | [33] |
| dsRNA-SPc | Not reported | 359 and 489 bp dsRNA | [34] |