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. 2023 Feb 24;13(3):408. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030408

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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References cluster analysis and the results in the timeline view. (A) We use the logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) to classify the research contents of all references into three categories, including cluster#0 (yellow color) DNA vaccine, cluster#1 (green color) HIV-infected adult, and cluster#2 (red color) BCG vaccination. (B) The literature cited by the #0 cluster was ancient, with the farthest literature before 1920. The literature around 1995 significantly impacted the entire field of TB vaccines because the purple halo representing centrality was located in cluster #0. However, since 2005, the research popularity of the #0 cluster has declined. The research of cluster #1 began around 1995, and the popularity of related research has declined in the past decade. The study of cluster #2 started around 1930. The popularity of research is still very high since 2005. The references between the #0 and #2 clusters cited each other much more closely.

References cluster analysis and the results in the timeline view. (A) We use the logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) to classify the research contents of all references into three categories, including cluster#0 (yellow color) DNA vaccine, cluster#1 (green color) HIV-infected adult, and cluster#2 (red color) BCG vaccination. (B) The literature cited by the #0 cluster was ancient, with the farthest literature before 1920. The literature around 1995 significantly impacted the entire field of TB vaccines because the purple halo representing centrality was located in cluster #0. However, since 2005, the research popularity of the #0 cluster has declined. The research of cluster #1 began around 1995, and the popularity of related research has declined in the past decade. The study of cluster #2 started around 1930. The popularity of research is still very high since 2005. The references between the #0 and #2 clusters cited each other much more closely.