Table 2.
Summary of patients’ characteristics, common symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment, and treatment outcomes of patients with post-COVID-19 vaccine encephalitis.
| Variable | Descriptive Statistics | |
|---|---|---|
| Sex (%) | Male | 36 (55.4%) |
| Female | 28 (43.1%) | |
| Transgender male | 1 (1.5%) | |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 46.82 ± 19.25 | |
| Period after vaccination in days (mean ± SD) | 9.97 ± 7.16 | |
| Vaccine Subtypes (%) | AstraZeneca | 25 (38.5%) |
| Pfizer BioNTech | 22 (33.8%) | |
| Moderna | 11 (16.9%) | |
| Sinopharm and Sputnik | 5 (7.7%) | |
| Johnson & Johnson | 1 (1.5%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1.5%) | |
| Vaccine dose (%) | 1st | 41 (66.1%) |
| 2nd | 18 (29%) | |
| 3rd | 1 (1.6%) | |
| 4th | 2 (3.2%) | |
| Encephalitis Subtypes (%) | Acute encephalitis | 11 (16.9%) |
| ADEM | 14 (21.5%) | |
| AHEM | 4 (6.2%) | |
| Other | 36 (55.4%) | |
| Headache (%) | 20 (30.8 %) | |
| Fever (%) | 23 (35.4 %) | |
| Seizure (%) | 15 (23.1 %) | |
| Abnormal movement (%) | 24 (36.9 %) | |
| CSF findings (%) | ||
| Pleocytosis | 32 (49.2 %) | |
| High protein | 7 (10.8 %) | |
| Antibodies positive | 6 (9.2 %) | |
| MRI findings (%) | ||
| Abnormal | 40 (61.5 %) | |
| Treatment (%) | Steroids | 56 (86.2 %) |
| Immunoglobulins | 15 (23.1 %) | |
| Plasmapheresis | 9 (13.8 %) | |
| Antiviral | 10 (15.4 %) | |
| Immunosuppressive drug | 53 (81.5 %) | |
| Treatment outcome (%) | Full recovery | 41 (63.1 %) |
| Residual Symptoms | 11 (16.9 %) | |
| Extensive rehabilitation | 9 (13.8 %) | |
| Death | 4 (6.2 %) | |
| Death-associated comorbidities | Hemicraniectomy, Tolosa Hunt Syndrome, Diabetes type 2, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation |