(a) Total reporter levels in CHO-K1 after transfection of mRNA or pDNA. A total of 10,000 CHO-K1 cells were seeded one-day prior to transfection on a 96-well plate in 100 µL of serum-containing media. On the transfection day, the media was replaced with fresh media and CPP/NA complexes formed at a charge ratio (CR) of 3:1 were added to the cells. Per each 96-well plate well, 0.1 µg of NA was used. At 24 h post-transfection, cells were washed, lysed, and cell lysate relative luminescence (RLU) was detected after the addition of substrate. RLU is normalized to establish the total protein in the sample (RLU/mg). (b) Luciferase reporter levels achieved in vivo. At 16 h post-administration of CPP/mRNA complexes, tissues were harvested and tissue homogenate reporter levels were detected. Two-way ANOVA F(6, 60) = 2.0, p = 0.07, Tukey post-hoc comparison: * = p < 0.05. (c) In vivo comparison of freshly prepared complexes to a complex solution incubated at +4 °C or freeze-dried complexes stored for 1 day, 1 week, or 1 month. Tissues were harvested 16 h post-injection.