Figure 3:

Geographic distribution of haplotypes in Panamanian birds. Haplotypes were defined initially by BIN for COI data, and then by sequence for additional markers for all taxa with observed mitochondrial breaks, grouped by geographic region of splits. Highland species (A) are separated from lowland birds, and lowland species are displayed by (B) southwest vs rest of Panama, with or without additional splits; (C) splits in both the Veraguas and Darién suture zones; (D) Darién suture zone splits; (E) Veraguas/Colón splits; (F) splits in central Panama, typically around Cerro Azul; (G) lowland taxa which have distinctive haplotypes in east and west, but lack sufficient sampling across the transect to determine the precise locality of the turnover; (H) taxa with idiosyncratic patterns that fit none of the above; and (I) waterbirds, which were generally excluded from analyses due to less consistent sampling. Dot colors indicate distinct BINs, size scaled by the number of samples from a given locality.