Fig. 3. Spatiotemporal characterization of PACTER.
a, 3D PACTER image of a curved black wire. Norm., normalized. b, Snapshots of 4D PACTER showing bovine blood flushing through an S-shaped tube. c, 3D PACTER images of three bars printed with black ink on a transparent film. In each image, the object was placed at a different z position. d, Reconstructed versus real z positions of the objects in c. The measurement results are plotted as means ± standard errors of the means (n = 1,980). The blue curve represents a linear fit. e, 3D PACTER image of two crossing human hairs in agarose. f, Maximum z- (top) and y-projections (bottom) of the 3D volume in e. The z positions of the object are color-encoded. g, Profiles along the yellow dashed lines in f denoted by gray dots. The blue curves represent two-term Gaussian fits. Black arrows denote the minimum distances that can separate the two hairs. h, 3D PACTER image of bovine blood flushing through a tube. The white arrow indicates the flushing direction. i, PA amplitudes along the tube in h versus time, when the blood flushes through the tube at different speeds. j, Speeds of the blood flow quantified from the reconstructed images versus the real speeds in i. The measurement results are plotted as means ± standard errors of the means (n = 74). The blue curve represents a linear fit. Scale bars, 1 mm.
