PI reduced CXCL11 mRNA expression and protein secretion in RV-A16-infected AECs. Differentiated human AECs were treated with POPG, PI, or POPC, added to apical media, for 16 h prior to virus infection at an m.o.i. of 0.02 pfu/cell for 4 h at 35 °C, either with or without lipid treatments. Following DPBS wash to remove unbound virus at 4 h, the cells were cultured for 48 h, either with or without lipids. Groups consisted of uninfected (UN: white circle), viral binding and cell entry at 4 h (RV16 4 h: gray circle), the virus alone at 48 h p.i. (RV16: dark gray circle), the virus + POPG (10 mg/mL) (RV16 + POPG: bule circle), the virus + PI (4 mg/mL) (RV16 + PI: yellow circle), the virus + POPC (20 mg/mL) (RV16 + PC), and lipids alone (POPG, PI, and PC). (A) CXCL11 mRNA expression and (B) CXCL-11 protein secretion induced by RV-A16 with or without lipid treatment. The lipid treatment alone were shown as POPG (blue triangle), PI (red triangle) and PC (yellow triangle). The data are from 4 different donors and are shown as mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments for each individual. * Indicates p < 0.05, §§ indicates p < 0.001, respectively. NS indicate not significant.