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. 2023 Mar 20;28(6):2798. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062798

Table 2.

Selective extraction of Cu(II) ions by IIP materials.

Polymeric
Material		 Functional Groups pH Contact Time, min qm,
mg/g		 Interfering Ions k Remarks on
Adsorption Process		 Ref.
NH2-SiO2/PAAm hydrogels –NH2 5 20 538 Pb(II)
Cd(II)
Ni(II)		 5.58
6.05
5.89		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 6 cycles (96.8% recovery).		 [48]
P(HEMA-co-MAH) cryogel membranes –NH2;
–COOH;
–OH		 5.5 120 77.2 Cd(II)
Pb(II)
Zn(II)		 3.7
11.1
2.08		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 3 cycles (97.8% recovery).		 [57]
Fe3O4/P(HEMA-co-MAH) cryogel membranes –NH2;
–COOH;
–OH		 5.5 120 179 Cd(II)
Pb(II)
Zn(II)		 5.27
15.8
2.63		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 3 cycles (98.7% recovery).		 [57]
P(MAA-co-4-VP) beads –COOH 6.2 180 14.92 Ni(II)
Zn(II)		 43.48
42.38		 Batch/column adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir;		 [52]
P(MMA-co-PA) beads –COOH 5 60 19.2 Zn(II)
Ni(II)
Co(II);		 57.7
26.8
34.0		 Batch adsorption;
Reusability: 7 cycles (97% recovery).		 [56]
Fe3O4-CS microspheres –NH2;
–OH		 5 480 109.89 Zn(II)
Ni(II)
Cd(II)
Cr(VI)		 38.866
7.103
31.679
2.297		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles.		 [59]
PAAm/CS/zeolite
cryogels		 –NH2;
–OH		 4.5 20 260 Co(II)
Ni(II)
Zn(II)
Pb(II)		 7.28
24.42
47.02
34.85		 Batch adsorption,
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles.		 [23,42]
CS/zeolite
cryogels		 –NH2;
–OH		 4.5 150 55.08 Zn(II)
Ni(II)
Fe(III)
Cr(III)
 4.1
4.61
1.84
11.33		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Dubinin–Radushkevich and Sips/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [43]
CS/ATT gels –NH2;
–OH		 5 60 35.20 Pb(II)
Cd(II)		 78.45
82.44		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Freundlich/PSO;
Reusability: 10 cycles (86% recovery)		 [60]
ALG/CS beads –NH2;
–COOH;
–OH		 5.7 480 83.33 Zn(II)
 2.28 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PFO;
Reusability: 3 cycles		 [61]
Fe3O4-CS/GO composites –NH2;
–OH		 6 120 132 Zn(II)
Ni(II)
Co(II)
Cd(II)		 45.44
85.04
86.9
29.83		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Freundlich/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles.		 [62]

Abbreviations: GO—graphene oxide; MAH—N-methacryloyl-L-histidine; PAAm—poly(acrylamide); ATT—attapulgite.