Table 3.
Selective extraction of Cd(II) ions by IIPs materials.
| Polymeric Material |
Functional Groups | pH | Contact Time, min |
qm, mg/g |
Interfering Ions | k | k’ | Remarks on Adsorption Process |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAm-g-CS gels | –NH2; –OH |
6 | 120 | 167 | Ag(I) Cu(II) Ni(II) Zn(II) |
4.56 4.13 4.11 4.20 |
Batch adsorption; Fitting: Langmuir/PSO; Applied in selective recovery of Cd(II) ions from Ni/Cd battery waste; Reusability: 8 cycles |
[74] | |
| CMCS-SiO2 composite | –NH-; –COOH; –OH |
5 | 30 | 20.7 | Pb(II) Co(II) |
5.3 1.5 |
Batch/column adsorption; Fitting: PSO; |
[76] | |
| ATU/N-propylmaleamic acid-functionalized SiO2 composite | –NH2; –C=S; –OH |
5 | 8 | 38.3 | Ni(II) Cu(II) Co(II) Pb(II) Zn(II) |
18.64 2.55 6.27 20.82 15.41 |
Batch/column adsorption; Reusability: 6 cycles; Tested for determination and preconcentration of Cd(II) ions from synthetic, tap, lake, and mine water samples |
[77] | |
| HMAM/DVE3 IPN hydrogel | –NH–; –OH |
6 | 16 | 179.86 | Cu(II) Ni(II) Pb(II) |
8.33 8.79 9.18 |
Batch/column adsorption; Fitting: Freundlich/PSO; Reusability: 20 cycles (98.5% recovery) |
[78] | |
| MA-co-AN/DVB microspheres | –COOH; –C≡N |
6 | 20.46 | Cu(II) Mn(II) Ni(II) Pb(II) |
15.2 4.10 9.20 3.01 |
Column adsorption; Tested for Cd(II) preconcentration and determination from tap, spring, and river water samples; Reusability: 10 cycles. |
[79] | ||
| 1-VI/MP/TRIM polymer resin |
–N=; –SH; –OH |
7.2 | 120 | 16.99 | Pb(II) Zn(II) Hg(II) Cu(II) Ni(II) Ca(II) Mg(II) Na(I) |
67.4 13.9 1.2 9.7 6.4 168.9 69.1 42.6 |
Batch adsorption; Fitting: Langmuir/PSO; Reusability: 4 cycles. |
[80] | |
| 1-VI/AMP/TRIM polymer resin | –N=; –NH2; –OH |
7.2 | 120 | 10.40 | Pb(II) Zn(II) Hg(II) Cu(II) Ni(II) Ca(II) Mg(II) Na(I) |
24.4 5.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 194.3 624.6 10.0 |
Batch adsorption; Fitting: Langmuir/PSO; Reusability: 4 cycles. |
[80] |
Abbreviations: AAm—acrylamide; CMCS—carboxymethyl CS; ATU—allyl thiourea; HMAM—N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide; DVB—divinylbenzene; DVE3—triethylene glycol divinyl ether; IPN—interpenetrating polymer networks; MA-co-AN—maleic acid-co-acrylonitrile; 1-VI—1-vinylimidazole; MP—(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane; AMP—(3-aminopropyl)trimetoxysilane; TRIM—trimethylolpropane.