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. 2023 Mar 20;28(6):2798. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062798

Table 5.

Selective extraction of radionuclides and rare earth metal ions.

Template
Ions		 Polymeric
Material		 Functional Groups pH Contact Time, min qm,
mg/g		 Interfering Ions k Remarks on
Adsorption
Process		 Ref.
U(VI) CS/PVA cross-linked hydrogel –NH2;
–OH		 5–6 120 156 Th(IV) Cu(II)
Zn(II)
Fe(III) Co(II)
Ni(II)
Mn(II)		 6.11
5.05
9.52
7.07
11.51
7.50
9.71		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO		 [187]
U(VI) Amidoxime modified CS –NH2;
–OH		 5 180 332 Th(IV)
Al(III) Eu(III)
Fe(III)
Co(II)
Ni(II)
Cu(II)
Pb(II)		 9.47
16.78
12.91
11.14
17.73
17.24
10.55
21.97		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO; Reusability: 5 cycles		 [189]
U(VI) Honeycomb-like CS/kaoline clay –NH2;
–OH		 5 120 286.85 Fe(III)
Al(III)
Mn(II)
Co(II)
Ni(II)
Ca(II)
Mg(II)
Cu(II)
Na(I)
K(I)		 7.2
10.66
12.87
14.04
18.10
25.41
45.34
4.91
84.73
64.17		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [190]
U(VI) CMC-SAL –OH;
–N=
 5 180 180 Fe(III)
Mn(II)
Co(II)
Cu(II)
V(V)		 34.51
21.55
82.54
42.14
50.27		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO; Reusability: 5 cycles		 [191]
Th(IV) Salophen Schiff base magnetic IIP –OH;
–N=		 4 30 42.54 La(III)
Ce(III)
Nd(III)
U(VI)		 649.2
595.8
96.6
71.1		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 9 cycles		 [192]
Gd(III) MWCNTs-PDA-CS-GO –NH2;
–OH		 7 150.86 Dy(III) Nd(III)
Pr(III)		 48.02
25.98
36.06		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO; Reusability: 5 cycles		 [195]
Gd(III) COOH-CNTs/CS-IIS sponge –NH2;
–COOH;
–OH		 7 720 71.95 Nd(III)
Pr(III)
Tb(III) Fe(III)		 9.95
9.69
4.48
28.35		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO; Reusability: 5 cycles		 [196]

Abbreviations: SAL—salicylaldehyde; PDA—polydopamine; CS—chitosan; PVA—poly(vinyl alcohol); PSO—pseudo-second order; CMC—carboxymethyl cellulose; MWCNTs—multi-walled carbon nanotubes; PDA—polydopamine; GO—graphene oxide; CNTs—carbon nanotubes.