Electrochemical performances of highly active Ni–Mo-based catalysts with alloy–hydroxide interfaces in 1 M KOH.

Electrocatalyst	Synthesis method	Composition and structure	Overpotential (mV)	TOF (s−1)	Tafel slope (mV per decade)	Stability	Ref.
Mo0.84Ni0.16@Ni(OH)2	Hydrothermal, reduction @ 500 °C and electrodeposition	NiMoO4, Mo0.84Ni0.16, Ni(OH)2, nanowires	η 10 = 10, η100 = 91	0.93 @ η100	71	3000 CV cycles; 20 mA cm−2, 100 h	59
P–Mo–Ni(OH)2	Hydrothermal and low-temperature H2/N2 plasma activation	MoNi4, Ni(OH)2, Ni3N, MoNiN, nanosheet	η 10 = 22, η100 = 98	1.325 @ η50	80	10 mA cm−2, 100 h, 50 mA cm−2, 50 h	60
Co(OH)2/NiMo CA@CC	Electrodeposition	NixMoy, Co(OH)2, nanosheet	η 10 = 30	—	41	10 mA cm−2, 24 h, 50 mA cm−2, 24 h, 100 mA cm−2, 24 h	61
h-NiMoFe	Hydrothermal and reduction @ 500 °C	MoO2, Ni4Mo, Fe–(OH)4–Ni4, nanosheet	η 10 = 14, η500 = 74, η1000 = 97	2 @ η50	30.6	200, 600, 1000, and 1500 mA cm−2 for total 40 h	50
Ni0.33Mo0.67-900	High-temperature sintering	Ni0.33Mo0.67, MoOx, Ni(OH)2, nanosponge	η 10 = 37, η1000 = 316	—	39.2	2 A cm−2, 300 h	62
RANEY®-type NiMo	Atmospheric plasma spraying and activation	MoNi, Mo1.08Ni2.93, Ni(OH)2, nanosponge	η 200 = 82 (30 wt% KOH)	—	36	2 A, 47 days (30 wt% KOH)	63
NiMo/Ni(OH)2/CC	Hydrothermal and electrodeposition	NiMo, Ni(OH)2, nanosheet	η 10 = 132	—	134.1	10 mA cm−2, 24 h	41
NiMo@Ni(OH)2MoOx	Electrodeposition	Ni(OH)2, MoO3, MoO2, nanoparticles	η 100 = 160	—	115	10 mA cm−2, 24 h, 100 mA cm−2, 24 h	42