Table 3.
Antiviral activity of the saponins 14c–14q tested in SARS-CoV-2 S protein at the concentrations of c = 10 µM and c = 40 µM, respectively [72].
| Compound | R | Inhibition Rate [%] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| c = 10 μM | c = 40 μM | ||
| |||
| 14c |
|
toxic a | toxic a |
| 14d |
|
96.84 ± 5.40 | 46.81 ± 3.55 |
| 14e |
|
30.45 ± 2.13 | −2.49 ± 0.24 |
| 14f |
|
27.44 ± 4.11 | 16.94 ± 2.35 |
| 14g |
|
19.25 ± 1.03 | 10.32 ± 2.10 |
| 14h |
|
14.51 ± 1.06 | −7.27 ± 1.03 |
| 14i |
|
33.08 ± 1.02 | 27.35 ± 2.51 |
| 14j |
|
−21.66 ± 1.20 | −31.75 ± 4.32 |
| 14k |
|
51.87 ± 2.23 | 41.08 ± 1.89 |
| 14l |
|
toxic a | toxic a |
| 14m |
|
92.49 ± 3.78 | 59.23 ± 4.21 |
| 14n |
|
58.74 ± 5.13 | 32.52 ± 2.59 |
| 14o |
|
1.58 ± 0.34 | 0.47 ± 0.08 |
| 14p |
|
85.69 ± 1.33 | 36.26 ± 2.45 |
| 14q |
|
49.47 ± 3.08 | 28.16 ± 2.22 |
| salvianolic acid C b | 98.30 ± 2.62 | 80.25 ± 2.56 | |
a the title saponins showed significant cytotoxicity at corresponding concentrations, and the inhibition rate could not be calculated; b salvianolic acid C, (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]oxypropanoic acid, was used as a reference compound.