Table 4.

Summary of the reviewed triterpenoid saponins.

Plant [Reference]	Saponin Found	Type of Pharmacological Application
Aralia dasyphylla Miq. (Araliaceae) [35]	Oleanane-type	Cytotoxicity
Weigela Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) [36,45]	Oleanane-type	Cytotoxicity, antifungal activity, antibacterial activity
Anagallis monelli ssp. linifolia (L.) Maire (Primulaceae) [46]	Oleanane-type: monellosides	Cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and antipruritic activity
Lepisanthes rubiginosa Roxb. (Sapindaceae) [47]	Oleanane-type	Antibacterial activity
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Sapindaceae) [50]	Oleanane-type: xanthoceraside	Major depressive disorders treatment
Platycodon grandiflorus Jacq. (Campanulaceae) [52]	Oleanane-type: platycosides	Dietary supplements absorbed into the bloodstream
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Fabaceae) [53] a	Oleanane-type: glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid glucuronide	Anti-inflammatory activity, liver protection, immune regulation, antiviral activity, anticancer activity
Quillaja saponaria Molina (Quillajaceae) [67,68]	Oleanane-type	Saponin adjuvants, carbohydrate antigen
Aster tataricus L. f. (Asteraceae) [70,71]	Oleanane-type	Anti-inflammatory activity
Aralia dasyphylla Miq. (Araliaceae) [35]	Ursane-type	Cytotoxicity
Ilex pubescens Hook. & Arn. (Aquifoliaceae) [73]	Ursane-type	Regulation of lipid level, improving blood biochemical function
Acanthopanax spp. (Eleutherococcus) Decne. & Planch. (Araliaceae) [74]	Lupane-type: acankoreagenin, impressic acid, acankoreosides	Antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory activity
Schefflera spp. J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae) [74]	Lupane-type: acankoreagenin, impressic acid, acankoreosides	Antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory activity

^a Discovery [53] mentioned in this review paper, because glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid β-d-glucuronide are known from many plant sources.