Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of mpox patients presenting with ophthalmological manifestations (N = 12 studies).
| Authors (Year) | Study Design | Geography | Sample Size |
Prevalence (Ophthalmic Lesion) | Cluster | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catala et al., (2022) | Cross-sectional | Spain | 185 | 1% | Patients from the national surveillance database system. | Pustules or pseudo pustules were noted on eyelids in two patients. Complications: pain, dysphagia, and conjunctivitis were reasons for hospitalization. |
| De Sousa et al., (2022) | Retrospective observational | Portugal | 47 | 2% | Individuals with confirmed mpox infection. | Only one patient had palpebral conjunctiva ulceration. |
| Hughes et al., (2014) | Cross-sectional | Democratic Republic of Congo | 294 | 23.1% | Real time PCR mpox positive patients. | A total of 23.1% of the mpox patients had conjunctivitis, and 47% of the conjunctivitis patients were bed-ridden. |
| Huhn et al., (2005) | Cross-sectional | United States | 34 | 9% | Patients with confirmed mpox in medical records. | Around 9% of cases had involvement of conjunctiva (eye), and only one case had involvement of cornea, i.e., presented with keratitis and corneal ulceration. |
| Jezek et al., (1987) | Cross-sectional | Democratic Republic of Congo | 282 | 13.4% | Mpox-diagnosed patients. | Forty-six were found to have opthalmic lesions (focal lesions). Keratitis, corneal ulceration was reported among 12 patients. |
| Jezek et al., (1988) | Cross-sectional | Democratic Republic of Congo | 338 | 25% | Mpox-diagnosed patients. | Fifty-seven patients were reported to have conjunctivitis; eleven had corneal ulcers. Deforming scars, weak vision, and unilateral and bilateral blindness were observed in primary cases (10%) and secondary cases (5%) (29 cases). |
| Mande et al., (2022) | Cross-sectional | Democratic Republic of Congo | 21 | 38% | Mpox-positive patients. | Of the 21 positive patients, 8 reported ocular lesions/corneal opacities. |
| Ogoina et al., (2020) | Retrospective study | Nigeria | 40 | 45% | Hospitalised mpox-infected patients. | Eyes rashes were seen in 25% of 35 of the patients who gave details of their first symptom (9 patients). Nine patients reported conjunctivitis and photophobia. |
| Patel et al., (2022) | Descriptive case series | United Kingdom | 197 | 1% | Patients confirmed with MPXV with a polymerase chain reaction. | Out of 197 patients, only 2 had conjunctivitis. |
| Pittman et al., (2022) | Prospective observational | Democratic Republic of Congo | 216 | 18% | MPXV-specific PCR-positive patients. | Twenty patients had eye manifestations, which included eye redness, eye pain, and eye discharge. Five patients (2.3%) had reported visual changes. Conjunctival and other lesions were experienced by 14 patients. |
| Thornhill et.al., (2022) | Case series | America, Europe, Israel, Australia | 528 | 1% | Confirmed human mpox infection cases from 16 countries. | Three patients had conjunctival mucosa lesions. |
| Whitehouse et al., (2021) | Cross-sectional | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1057 | 51% | PCR-confirmed mpox patients. | A total of 210 (20.7%) had conjunctivitis, and 332 (33.2%) had photophobia. |