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MM microenvironment. MM cells interact with several cells in the BMM such as BMSCs, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, cytotoxic T-cell (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells, adipocytes. This interaction enhances MM survival and inhibits immune cells. VCAM: vascular cell adhesion protein; LFA-1: lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1. Created by Biorender.com.
