Table 3.
FDA-approved medications for MM from 2017 to 2022.
| Drug | Year | Treatment | Adverse Effects | Name & NCT Number |
Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isatuximab | 2020 | RRMM | neutropenia, IRs, pneumonia, URTI, and diarrhea | ICARIA-MM NCT02990338 |
[62] |
| Daratumumab | 2020 | RRMM | URTI, constipation, nausea, fatigue, pyrexia, PSN, diarrhea, cough, insomnia, vomiting, back pain, muscle spasms, dyspnea, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia | COLUMBA NCT03277105 |
[129] |
| Belantamab mafodotin | 2020 | RRMM | keratopathy, decreased visual acuity, nausea, blurred vision, pyrexia, IRs, and fatigue | DREAMM-2 NCT 03525678 |
[130,131] |
| Carfilzomib | 2020 | RRMM | IRs, anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, hypertension, pyrexia, respiratory tract infection, thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, cough, dyspnea, insomnia, hypertension, headache, and back pain | EQUULEUS NCT01998971CANDOR NCT03158688 |
[132] |
| Selinexor | 2020 | RRMM | Nausea, fatigue, decreased appetite, diarrhea, PSN, URTI, decreased weight, cataract, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, hypophosphatemia, anemia, hyponatremia, and neutropenia. | BOSTON NCT03110562 |
[78,133] |
| Melphalan flufenamide | 2021 | RRMM | fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, pyrexia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and pneumonia | HORIZON NCT02963493 |
[134] |
| Idecabtagene vicleucel | 2021 | RRMM | CRS, neurologic toxicities, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome, prolonged cytopenias, infections, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and hypogammaglobulinemia. | KarMMa NCT02658929 |
[135] |
| Isatuximab | 2021 | NTE NDMM |
URTI, bronchitis, cough, diarrhea, IRs, fatigue, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and anemia | IKEMA NCT03275285 |
[82,136] |
| Daratumumab | 2021 | RRMM | IRs, fatigue, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, and diarrhea, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hyperglycemia | APOLLO NCT03180736 |
[137] |
| Daratumumab | 2021 | RRMM | URTI, hypertension, diarrhea, cough, fatigue, insomnia, pyrexia, nausea, and peripheral edema | PLEIADES NCT03412565 |
[138] |
| Ciltacabtagene autoleucel | 2022 | RRMM | pyrexia, cytokine release syndrome, hypogammaglobulinemia, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, infections, diarrhea, nausea, encephalopathy, headache, coagulopathy, constipation, and vomiting | CARTITUDE-1 NCT03548207 |
[139] |
| Teclistamab-cqyv | 2022 | RRMM | CRS, ICANS, fatigue, pneumonia, diarrhea, pyrexia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia | MajesTEC-1 NCT0314518, NCT04557098 |
[140,141] |
NDMM: newly diagnosed multiple myeloma; RRMM: relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma; IV: intravenous; SC: subcutaneous; Pd: pomalidomide, dexamethasone; DPd: daratumumab, pomalidomide, dexamethasone; Isa-Pd: isatuximab, pomalidomide, dexamethasone; Kd: carfilzomib, dexamethasone; DKd: daratumumab, carfilzomib, dexamethasone; Isa-Kd: isatuximab, carfilzomib, dexamethasone; Vd: bortezomib, dexamethasone; SVd: selinexor, bortezomib, dexamethasone; ORR: overall response rate; VGPR: very good partial response; NR: Not Reached; IRs: Infusion reactions; CRS: cytokine release syndrome; ICANS: immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity; URTI: Upper respiratory tract infection; PSN: peripheral sensory neuropathy; ARF: acute renal failure.