| AAC | aminoglycoside acetyltransferases |
| ALIS | amikacin liposome inhalation suspension |
| ANT | nucleotidyltransferases |
| aPDT | antibacterial photodynamic therapy |
| APH | aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase |
| aPTD | antibacterial photodynamic therapy |
| DHFR | dihydrofolate reductase |
| DHPPP | 6- hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin-pyrophosphate |
| DHPS | dihydropteroate synthase |
| ESBLs | extended-spectrum β-lactamases |
| ETEC | enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MAC | Mycobacterium avium complex |
| MBLs | metallo-β-lactamases |
| MLSB group | macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramines |
| MNMs | molecular nanomachines |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| NAG | N-acetylglucosamine |
| NAM | N-acetylmuramic acid |
| NPET | nascent polypeptide exit tunnel in the large subunit ribosome |
| NPs | nanoparticles |
| OMVs | outer membrane vesicles |
| PABA | para-aminobenzoic acid |
| PAS | bacteriophage-antibiotic synergy |
| PBPs | penicillin-binding proteins |
| RBPs | receptor-binding proteins |
| RNAP | DNA-dependent multisubunit RNA polymerase |
| SBLs | serine β-lactamases |